conf: Add thread-safe global tree reference

Most of open functions in alsa-lib have the call pattern:
  snd_config_update();
  return snd_xxx_open(x, snd_config, ...);

This means that the toplevel config gets updated, and passed to a
local open function.  Although snd_config_update() itself has a
pthread mutex to be thread safe, the whole procedure above isn't
thread safe.  Namely, the global snd_config tree may be deleted and
recreated at any time while the open function is being processed.
This may lead to a data corruption and crash of the program.

For avoiding the corruption, this patch introduces a refcount to
config tree object.  A few new helper functions are introduced as
well:
- snd_config_update_ref() does update and take the refcount of the
  toplevel tree.   The obtained config tree has to be freed via
  snd_config_unref() below.
- snd_config_ref() and snd_config_unref() manage the refcount of the
  config object.  The latter eventually deletes the object when all
  references are gone.

Along with these additions, the caller of snd_config_update() and
snd_config global tree in alsa-lib are replaced with the new helpers.

Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>

src/timer/timer.c

@@ -201,12 +201,16 @@ static int snd_timer_open_noupdate(snd_timer_t **timer, snd_config_t *root, cons
  */
 int snd_timer_open(snd_timer_t **timer, const char *name, int mode)
 {
+	snd_config_t *top;
 	int err;
+
 	assert(timer && name);
-	err = snd_config_update();
+	err = snd_config_update_ref(&top);
 	if (err < 0)
 		return err;
-	return snd_timer_open_noupdate(timer, snd_config, name, mode);
+	err = snd_timer_open_noupdate(timer, top, name, mode);
+	snd_config_unref(top);
+	return err;
 }
 
 /**